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It can run everywhere from small embedded systems or desktop class machines all the way up to datacenter deployments and even Cloud environments. Figure 1. In this User Manual, we will begin simply with a quick introduction to virtualization and how to get your first virtual machine running with the easy-to-use Oracle VM VirtualBox graphical user interface. Subsequent chapters will go into much more detail covering more powerful tools and features, but fortunately, it is not necessary to read the entire User Manual before you can use Oracle VM VirtualBox.
The techniques and features that Oracle VM VirtualBox provides are useful in the following scenarios:. Running multiple operating systems simultaneously. This way, you can run software written for one OS on another, such as Windows software on Linux or a Mac, without having to reboot to use it. Easier software installations. Software vendors can use virtual machines to ship entire software configurations. For example, installing a complete mail server solution on a real machine can be a tedious task.
With Oracle VM VirtualBox, such a complex setup, often called an appliance , can be packed into a virtual machine. Installing and running a mail server becomes as easy as importing such an appliance into Oracle VM VirtualBox.
Testing and disaster recovery. Once installed, a virtual machine and its virtual hard disks can be considered a container that can be arbitrarily frozen, woken up, copied, backed up, and transported between hosts. On top of that, with the use of another Oracle VM VirtualBox feature called snapshots , one can save a particular state of a virtual machine and revert back to that state, if necessary.
This way, one can freely experiment with a computing environment. If something goes wrong, such as problems after installing software or infecting the guest with a virus, you can easily switch back to a previous snapshot and avoid the need of frequent backups and restores. Any number of snapshots can be created, allowing you to travel back and forward in virtual machine time.
You can delete snapshots while a VM is running to reclaim disk space. Infrastructure consolidation. Virtualization can significantly reduce hardware and electricity costs.
Most of the time, computers today only use a fraction of their potential power and run with low average system loads. A lot of hardware resources as well as electricity is thereby wasted. So, instead of running many such physical computers that are only partially used, one can pack many virtual machines onto a few powerful hosts and balance the loads between them.
When dealing with virtualization, and also for understanding the following chapters of this documentation, it helps to acquaint oneself with a bit of crucial terminology, especially the following terms:.
Host operating system host OS. See Section 1. There may be platform-specific differences which we will point out where appropriate. Guest operating system guest OS. This is the OS that is running inside the virtual machine. But to achieve near-native performance of the guest code on your machine, we had to go through a lot of optimizations that are specific to certain OSes.
So while your favorite OS may run as a guest, we officially support and optimize for a select few, which include the most common OSes. See Section 3. Virtual machine VM.
In other words, you run your guest OS in a VM. Normally, a VM is shown as a window on your computer's desktop. Depending on which of the various frontends of Oracle VM VirtualBox you use, the VM might be shown in full screen mode or remotely on another computer. Some parameters describe hardware settings, such as the amount of memory and number of CPUs assigned. Other parameters describe the state information, such as whether the VM is running or saved. See Chapter 8, VBoxManage.
Guest Additions. This refers to special software packages which are shipped with Oracle VM VirtualBox but designed to be installed inside a VM to improve performance of the guest OS and to add extra features. See Chapter 4, Guest Additions. Oracle VM VirtualBox runs on a large number of bit host operating systems. Oracle VM VirtualBox is a so-called hosted hypervisor, sometimes referred to as a type 2 hypervisor.
Whereas a bare-metal or type 1 hypervisor would run directly on the hardware, Oracle VM VirtualBox requires an existing OS to be installed. It can thus run alongside existing applications on that host. To a very large degree, Oracle VM VirtualBox is functionally identical on all of the host platforms, and the same file and image formats are used.
This enables you to run virtual machines created on one host on another host with a different host OS. For example, you can create a virtual machine on Windows and then run it under Linux. In addition, virtual machines can easily be imported and exported using the Open Virtualization Format OVF , an industry standard created for this purpose.
You can even import OVFs that were created with a different virtualization software. For users of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure the functionality extends to exporting and importing virtual machines to and from the cloud.
This simplifies development of applications and deployment to the production environment. Guest Additions: shared folders, seamless windows, 3D virtualization. The Oracle VM VirtualBox Guest Additions are software packages which can be installed inside of supported guest systems to improve their performance and to provide additional integration and communication with the host system.
After installing the Guest Additions, a virtual machine will support automatic adjustment of video resolutions, seamless windows, accelerated 3D graphics and more. In particular, Guest Additions provide for shared folders , which let you access files on the host system from within a guest machine.
See Section 4. Great hardware support. Guest multiprocessing SMP. USB device support. Oracle VM VirtualBox implements a virtual USB controller and enables you to connect arbitrary USB devices to your virtual machines without having to install device-specific drivers on the host.
USB support is not limited to certain device categories. Hardware compatibility. Oracle VM VirtualBox virtualizes a vast array of virtual devices, among them many devices that are typically provided by other virtualization platforms. This enables easy cloning of disk images from real machines and importing of third-party virtual machines into Oracle VM VirtualBox. Full ACPI support. This enables easy cloning of disk images from real machines or third-party virtual machines into Oracle VM VirtualBox.
For mobile systems running on battery, the guest can thus enable energy saving and notify the user of the remaining power, for example in full screen modes. Multiscreen resolutions. Oracle VM VirtualBox virtual machines support screen resolutions many times that of a physical screen, allowing them to be spread over a large number of screens attached to the host system.
Built-in iSCSI support. This unique feature enables you to connect a virtual machine directly to an iSCSI storage server without going through the host system. The VM accesses the iSCSI target directly without the extra overhead that is required for virtualizing hard disks in container files.
See Section 5. PXE Network boot. Multigeneration branched snapshots. Oracle VM VirtualBox can save arbitrary snapshots of the state of the virtual machine. You can go back in time and revert the virtual machine to any such snapshot and start an alternative VM configuration from there, effectively creating a whole snapshot tree.
You can create and delete snapshots while the virtual machine is running. VM groups. Oracle VM VirtualBox provides a groups feature that enables the user to organize and control virtual machines collectively, as well as individually. In addition to basic groups, it is also possible for any VM to be in more than one group, and for groups to be nested in a hierarchy. This means you can have groups of groups. Clean architecture and unprecedented modularity.
Oracle VM VirtualBox has an extremely modular design with well-defined internal programming interfaces and a clean separation of client and server code. This makes it easy to control it from several interfaces at once.
For example, you can start a VM simply by clicking on a button in the Oracle VM VirtualBox graphical user interface and then control that machine from the command line, or even remotely.
Due to its modular architecture, Oracle VM VirtualBox can also expose its full functionality and configurability through a comprehensive software development kit SDK , which enables integration of Oracle VM VirtualBox with other software systems. Remote machine display. Instead, the VRDE is plugged directly into the virtualization layer. As a result, it works with guest OSes other than Windows, even in text mode, and does not require application support in the virtual machine either.
Extensible RDP authentication. In addition, it includes an easy-to-use SDK which enables you to create arbitrary interfaces for other methods of authentication. See Section 7. Intel hardware is required. See also Chapter 14, Known Limitations.
Linux hosts bit. Includes the following:. See Section 2. However, the formally tested and supported Linux distributions are those for which we offer a dedicated package.
Oracle Solaris hosts bit only. The following versions are supported with the restrictions listed in Chapter 14, Known Limitations :. Note that any feature which is marked as experimental is not supported. Feedback and suggestions about such features are welcome. If you have installed software before, installation should be straightforward. On each host platform, Oracle VM VirtualBox uses the installation method that is most common and easy to use.
If you run into trouble or have special requirements, see Chapter 2, Installation Details for details about the various installation methods.
Base package. Extension packs. Additional extension packs can be downloaded which extend the functionality of the Oracle VM VirtualBox base package. The extension pack provides the following added functionality:. The virtual USB 2. The virtual USB 3. Host webcam passthrough. See Section 9. Disk image encryption with AES algorithm. Cloud integration features.
Oracle VM VirtualBox extension packages have a. To install an extension, simply double-click on the package file and a Network Operations Manager window is shown to guide you through the required steps. To view the extension packs that are currently installed, start the VirtualBox Manager, as shown in Section 1. From the File menu, select Preferences.
In the window that displays, go to the Extensions category. This shows you the extensions which are currently installed, and enables you to remove a package or add a new package. Alternatively, you can use the VBoxManage command line. See Section 8. On a Windows host, in the Programs menu, click on the item in the VirtualBox group. On some Windows platforms, you can also enter VirtualBox in the search box of the Start menu.
You may want to drag this item onto your Dock. Alternatively, you can enter VirtualBox in a terminal window. This window is called the VirtualBox Manager. The left pane will later list all your virtual machines. Since you have not yet created any virtual machines, this list is empty. The Tools button provides access to user tools, such as the Virtual Media Manager. The pane on the right displays the properties of the currently selected virtual machine.
Since you do not have any machines yet, the pane displays a welcome message. Click New in the VirtualBox Manager window. A wizard is shown, to guide you through setting up a new virtual machine VM. On the following pages, the wizard will ask you for the bare minimum of information that is needed to create a VM, in particular:. For example, Windows 10 with Visio.
The Machine Folder is the location where VMs are stored on your computer. The default folder location is shown. The supported OSes are grouped. If you want to install something very unusual that is not listed, select Other. This is particularly important for bit guests.
It is therefore recommended to always set it to the correct value. The amount of memory given here will be taken away from your host machine and presented to the guest OS, which will report this size as the virtual computer's installed RAM. Choose this setting carefully. The memory you give to the VM will not be available to your host OS while the VM is running, so do not specify more than you can spare. If you run two VMs at the same time, even more memory will be allocated for the second VM, which may not even be able to start if that memory is not available.
On the other hand, you should specify as much as your guest OS and your applications will require to run properly. A guest OS may require at least 1 or 2 GB of memory to install and boot up. For best performance, more memory than that may be required. If insufficient RAM remains, the system might excessively swap memory to the hard disk, which effectively brings the host system to a standstill. As with the other settings, you can change this setting later, after you have created the VM.
There are many and potentially complicated ways in which Oracle VM VirtualBox can provide hard disk space to a VM, see Chapter 5, Virtual Storage , but the most common way is to use a large image file on your physical hard disk, whose contents Oracle VM VirtualBox presents to your VM as if it were a complete hard disk.
This file then represents an entire hard disk, so you can even copy it to another host and use it with another Oracle VM VirtualBox installation. To create a new, empty virtual hard disk, click the Create button. You can pick an existing disk image file.
The drop-down list presented in the window lists all disk images which are currently remembered by Oracle VM VirtualBox. These disk images are currently attached to a virtual machine, or have been attached to a virtual machine. Alternatively, click on the small folder icon next to the drop-down list. In the displayed file dialog, you can click Add to select any disk image file on your host disk.
Click the Create button. This wizard helps you to create a new disk image file in the new virtual machine's folder. A dynamically allocated file only grows in size when the guest actually stores data on its virtual hard disk.
Therefore, this file is small initially. As the drive is filled with data, the file grows to the specified size. A fixed-size file immediately occupies the file specified, even if only a fraction of that virtual hard disk space is actually in use. While occupying much more space, a fixed-size file incurs less overhead and is therefore slightly faster than a dynamically allocated file.
For details about the differences, see Section 5. But the image file must be large enough to hold the contents of the guest OS and the applications you want to install. For a Windows or Linux guest, you will probably need several gigabytes for any serious use. The limit of the image file size can be changed later, see Section 8. After having selected or created your image file, click Next to go to the next page. Click Create , to create your new virtual machine.
The virtual machine is displayed in the list on the left side of the VirtualBox Manager window, with the name that you entered initially. After becoming familiar with the use of wizards, consider using the Expert Mode available in some wizards.
Where available, this is selectable using a button, and speeds up the process of using wizards. Go to the VirtualBox VMs folder in your system user's home directory. Find the subdirectory of the machine you want to start and double-click on the machine settings file. This file has a. Starting a virtual machine displays a new window, and the virtual machine which you selected will boot up.
Everything which would normally be seen on the virtual system's monitor is shown in the window. See the screenshot image in Chapter 1, First Steps. In general, you can use the virtual machine as you would use a real computer. There are couple of points worth mentioning however. This wizard helps you to select an installation medium.
Since the VM is created empty, it would otherwise behave just like a real computer with no OS installed. It will do nothing and display an error message that no bootable OS was found.
In the wizard's drop-down list of installation media, select Host Drive with the correct drive letter. In the case of a Linux host, choose a device file. This will allow your VM to access the media in your host drive, and you can proceed to install from there. If you have downloaded installation media from the Internet in the form of an ISO image file such as with a Linux distribution, you would normally burn this file to an empty CD or DVD and proceed as described above.
In this case, the wizard's drop-down list contains a list of installation media that were previously used with Oracle VM VirtualBox. If your medium is not in the list, especially if you are using Oracle VM VirtualBox for the first time, click the small folder icon next to the drop-down list to display a standard file dialog.
Here you can pick an image file on your host disks. After completing the choices in the wizard, you will be able to install your OS. If you are running a modern guest OS that can handle such devices, mouse support may work out of the box without the mouse being captured as described below. But unless you are running the VM in full screen mode, your VM needs to share keyboard and mouse with other applications and possibly other VMs on your host.
After installing a guest OS and before you install the Guest Additions, described later, either your VM or the rest of your computer can "own" the keyboard and the mouse. Both cannot own the keyboard and mouse at the same time. You will see a second mouse pointer which is always confined to the limits of the VM window. You activate the VM by clicking inside it. By default, this is the right Ctrl key on your keyboard. On a Mac host, the default Host key is the left Command key.
The current setting for the Host key is always displayed at the bottom right of your VM window. Your keyboard is owned by the VM if the VM window on your host desktop has the keyboard focus. If you have many windows open in your guest OS, the window that has the focus in your VM is used. This means that if you want to enter text within your VM, click on the title bar of your VM window first.
To release keyboard ownership, press the Host key. As explained above, this is typically the right Ctrl key. For technical reasons it may not be possible for the VM to get all keyboard input even when it does own the keyboard.
Your mouse is owned by the VM only after you have clicked in the VM window. The host mouse pointer will disappear, and your mouse will drive the guest's pointer instead of your normal mouse pointer. Note that mouse ownership is independent of that of the keyboard. Even after you have clicked on a titlebar to be able to enter text into the VM window, your mouse is not necessarily owned by the VM yet.
These tools make VM keyboard and mouse operations much more seamless. Most importantly, the Guest Additions suppress the second "guest" mouse pointer and make your host mouse pointer work directly in the guest. Some OSes expect certain key combinations to initiate certain procedures.
The recipient of these keypresses depends on a number of factors, including the key combination itself. Host OSes reserve certain key combinations for themselves. As the X server intercepts this combination, pressing it will usually restart your host graphical user interface and kill all running programs, including Oracle VM VirtualBox, in the process. If, instead, you want to send these key combinations to the guest OS in the virtual machine, you will need to use one of the following methods:.
Use the items in the Input , Keyboard menu of the virtual machine window. However, the latter setting affects only Linux guests or Oracle Solaris guests.
This menu also includes an option for inserting the Host key combination. Use special key combinations with the Host key, which is normally the right Control key. This is a global setting for all virtual machines and can be found under File , Preferences , Input.
A soft keyboard can be used to input key combinations in the guest. While a virtual machine is running, you can change removable media in the Devices menu of the VM's window. But as the Settings dialog is disabled while the VM is in the Running or Saved state, the Devices menu saves you from having to shut down and restart the VM every time you want to change media. Using the Devices menu, you can attach the host drive to the guest or select a floppy or DVD image, as described in Section 3.
You can resize the VM's window while that VM is running. When you do, the window is scaled as follows:. If you have scaled mode enabled, then the virtual machine's screen will be scaled to the size of the window. This can be useful if you have many machines running and want to have a look at one of them while it is running in the background. Alternatively, it might be useful to enlarge a window if the VM's output screen is very small, for example because you are running an old OS in it.
The aspect ratio of the guest screen is preserved when resizing the window. To ignore the aspect ratio, press Shift during the resize operation. See Chapter 14, Known Limitations for additional remarks. If you have the Guest Additions installed and they support automatic resizing , the Guest Additions will automatically adjust the screen resolution of the guest OS.
For example, if you are running a Windows guest with a resolution of x pixels and you then resize the VM window to make it pixels wider, the Guest Additions will change the Windows display resolution to x Otherwise, if the window is bigger than the VM's screen, the screen will be centered.
If it is smaller, then scroll bars will be added to the machine window. When you click on the Close button of your virtual machine window, at the top right of the window, just like you would close any other window on your system, Oracle VM VirtualBox asks you whether you want to save or power off the VM. Save the machine state: With this option, Oracle VM VirtualBox freezes the virtual machine by completely saving its state to your local disk.
When you start the VM again later, you will find that the VM continues exactly where it was left off. All your programs will still be open, and your computer resumes operation. Saving the state of a virtual machine is thus in some ways similar to suspending a laptop computer by closing its lid. Send the shutdown signal.
This will send an ACPI shutdown signal to the virtual machine, which has the same effect as if you had pressed the power button on a real computer. This should trigger a proper shutdown mechanism from within the VM. Power off the machine: With this option, Oracle VM VirtualBox also stops running the virtual machine, but without saving its state.
This is equivalent to pulling the power plug on a real computer without shutting it down properly. If you start the machine again after powering it off, your OS will have to reboot completely and may begin a lengthy check of its virtual system disks.
As a result, this should not normally be done, since it can potentially cause data loss or an inconsistent state of the guest system on disk. As an exception, if your virtual machine has any snapshots, see Section 1. In that case, powering off the machine will not disrupt its state, but any changes made since that snapshot was taken will be lost. The Discard button in the VirtualBox Manager window discards a virtual machine's saved state.
This has the same effect as powering it off, and the same warnings apply. VM groups enable the user to create ad hoc groups of VMs, and to manage and perform functions on them collectively, as well as individually. Select multiple VMs and select Group from the right-click menu. This command creates a group "TestGroup" and attaches the VM "vm01" to that group.
Detach a VM from the group, and delete the group if empty. For example:. This command detaches all groups from the VM "vm01" and deletes the empty group. This command creates the groups "TestGroup" and "TestGroup2", if they do not exist, and attaches the VM "vm01" to both of them. With snapshots, you can save a particular state of a virtual machine for later use. At any later time, you can revert to that state, even though you may have changed the VM considerably since then.
A snapshot of a virtual machine is thus similar to a machine in Saved state, but there can be many of them, and these saved states are preserved. To see the snapshots of a virtual machine, click on the machine name in VirtualBox Manager. Then click the List icon next to the machine name, and select Snapshots. Until you take a snapshot of the machine, the list of snapshots will be empty except for the Current State item, which represents the "now" point in the lifetime of the virtual machine.
Take a snapshot. This makes a copy of the machine's current state, to which you can go back at any given time later. The snapshots window is shown. Do one of the following:. Click the Take icon. Right-click on the Current State item in the list and select Take. In either case, a window is displayed prompting you for a snapshot name.
This name is purely for reference purposes to help you remember the state of the snapshot. For example, a useful name would be "Fresh installation from scratch, no Guest Additions", or "Service Pack 3 just installed".
You can also add a longer text in the Description field. Your new snapshot will then appear in the snapshots list. Underneath your new snapshot, you will see an item called Current State , signifying that the current state of your VM is a variation based on the snapshot you took earlier. If you later take another snapshot, you will see that they are displayed in sequence, and that each subsequent snapshot is derived from an earlier one.
Oracle VM VirtualBox imposes no limits on the number of snapshots you can take. The only practical limitation is disk space on your host. Each snapshot stores the state of the virtual machine and thus occupies some disk space. Restore a snapshot. In the list of snapshots, right-click on any snapshot you have taken and select Restore. By restoring a snapshot, you go back or forward in time. The current state of the machine is lost, and the machine is restored to the exact state it was in when the snapshot was taken.
Restoring a snapshot will affect the virtual hard drives that are connected to your VM, as the entire state of the virtual hard drive will be reverted as well.
This means also that all files that have been created since the snapshot and all other file changes will be lost. In order to prevent such data loss while still making use of the snapshot feature, it is possible to add a second hard drive in write-through mode using the VBoxManage interface and use it to store your data. As write-through hard drives are not included in snapshots, they remain unaltered when a machine is reverted.
To avoid losing the current state when restoring a snapshot, you can create a new snapshot before the restore operation. By restoring an earlier snapshot and taking more snapshots from there, it is even possible to create a kind of alternate reality and to switch between these different histories of the virtual machine. This can result in a whole tree of virtual machine snapshots, as shown in the screenshot above. Delete a snapshot. This does not affect the state of the virtual machine, but only releases the files on disk that Oracle VM VirtualBox used to store the snapshot data, thus freeing disk space.
To delete a snapshot, right-click on the snapshot name in the snapshots tree and select Delete. Snapshots can be deleted even while a machine is running. Whereas taking and restoring snapshots are fairly quick operations, deleting a snapshot can take a considerable amount of time since large amounts of data may need to be copied between several disk image files. Temporary disk files may also need large amounts of disk space while the operation is in progress. There are some situations which cannot be handled while a VM is running, and you will get an appropriate message that you need to perform this snapshot deletion when the VM is shut down.
Think of a snapshot as a point in time that you have preserved. More formally, a snapshot consists of the following:. The snapshot contains a complete copy of the VM settings, including the hardware configuration, so that when you restore a snapshot, the VM settings are restored as well. For example, if you changed the hard disk configuration or the VM's system settings, that change is undone when you restore the snapshot.
The copy of the settings is stored in the machine configuration, an XML text file, and thus occupies very little space. The complete state of all the virtual disks attached to the machine is preserved.
Going back to a snapshot means that all changes that had been made to the machine's disks, file by file and bit by bit, will be undone as well.
Files that were since created will disappear, files that were deleted will be restored, changes to files will be reverted. Strictly speaking, this is only true for virtual hard disks in "normal" mode.
You can configure disks to behave differently with snapshots, see Section 5. In technical terms, it is not the virtual disk itself that is restored when a snapshot is restored. Instead, when a snapshot is taken, Oracle VM VirtualBox creates differencing images which contain only the changes since the snapshot were taken.
When the snapshot is restored, Oracle VM VirtualBox throws away that differencing image, thus going back to the previous state. This is both faster and uses less disk space. For the details, which can be complex, see Section 5. Creating the differencing image as such does not occupy much space on the host disk initially, since the differencing image will initially be empty and grow dynamically later with each write operation to the disk.
The longer you use the machine after having created the snapshot, however, the more the differencing image will grow in size. If you took a snapshot while the machine was running, the memory state of the machine is also saved in the snapshot. This is in the same way that memory can be saved when you close a VM window. When you restore such a snapshot, execution resumes at exactly the point when the snapshot was taken.
The memory state file can be as large as the memory size of the VM and will therefore occupy considerable disk space. When you select a virtual machine from the list in the VirtualBox Manager window, you will see a summary of that machine's settings on the right.
Clicking on Settings displays a window, where you can configure many of the properties of the selected VM. But be careful when changing VM settings. It is possible to change all VM settings after installing a guest OS, but certain changes might prevent a guest OS from functioning correctly if done after installation.
This is because the Settings dialog enables you to change fundamental characteristics of the virtual machine that is created for your guest OS.
For example, the guest OS may not perform well if half of its memory is taken away. As a result, if the Settings button is disabled, shut down the current VM first. Oracle VM VirtualBox provides a wide range of parameters that can be changed for a virtual machine.
The various settings that can be changed in the Settings window are described in detail in Chapter 3, Configuring Virtual Machines. Even more parameters are available when using the VBoxManage command line interface. Removing a VM. The confirmation dialog enables you to specify whether to only remove the VM from the list of machines or to remove the files associated with the VM.
Note that the Remove menu item is disabled while a VM is running. Moving a VM. Note that the Move menu item is disabled while a VM is running. You can create a full copy or a linked copy of an existing VM. This copy is called a clone. The Clone Virtual Machine wizard guides you through the cloning process. Start the wizard by clicking Clone in the right-click menu of the VirtualBox Manager's machine list or in the Snapshots view of the selected VM.
Specify a new Name for the clone. You can choose a Path for the cloned virtual machine, otherwise Oracle VM VirtualBox uses the default machines folder. The Clone Type option specifies whether to create a clone linked to the source VM or to create a fully independent clone:. Full Clone: Copies all dependent disk images to the new VM folder.
A full clone can operate fully without the source VM. Linked Clone: Creates new differencing disk images based on the source VM disk images. The Snapshots option specifies whether to create a clone of the current machine state only or of everything. Everything: Clones the current machine state and all its snapshots.
Current Machine State and All Children:. Clones a VM snapshot and all its child snapshots. This is the default setting. This is the best option when both the source VM and the cloned VM must operate on the same network. The duration of the clone operation depends on the size and number of attached disk images.
In addition, the clone operation saves all the differencing disk images of a snapshot. Note that the Clone menu item is disabled while a machine is running. Oracle VM VirtualBox can import and export virtual machines in the following formats:.
This is the industry-standard format. Cloud service formats. Export to and import from cloud services such as Oracle Cloud Infrastructure is supported. OVF is a cross-platform standard supported by many virtualization products which enables the creation of ready-made virtual machines that can then be imported into a hypervisor such as Oracle VM VirtualBox. Using OVF enables packaging of virtual appliances.
These are disk images, together with configuration settings that can be distributed easily. This way one can offer complete ready-to-use software packages, including OSes with applications, that need no configuration or installation except for importing into Oracle VM VirtualBox.
In particular, no guarantee is made that Oracle VM VirtualBox supports all appliances created by other virtualization software. For a list of known limitations, see Chapter 14, Known Limitations. They can come in several files, as one or several disk images, typically in the widely-used VMDK format.
They also include a textual description file in an XML dialect with an. These files must then reside in the same directory for Oracle VM VirtualBox to be able to import them. Alternatively, the above files can be packed together into a single archive file, typically with an. OVF cannot describe snapshots that were taken for a virtual machine. As a result, when you export a virtual machine that has snapshots, only the current state of the machine will be exported. The disk images in the export will have a flattened state identical to the current state of the virtual machine.
From the file dialog, go to the file with either the. Click Import to open the Appliance Settings screen. You can change this behavior by using the Primary Group setting for the VM. Base Folder: Specifies the directory on the host in which to store the imported VMs. You can override the default behavior and preserve the MAC addresses on import.
Click Import to import the appliance. Because disk images are large, the VMDK images that are included with virtual appliances are shipped in a compressed format that cannot be used directly by VMs. So, the images are first unpacked and copied, which might take several minutes. You can use the VBoxManage import command to import an appliance. Select one or more VMs to export, and click Next. The Appliance Settings screen enables you to select the following settings:.
Format: Selects the Open Virtualization Format value for the output files. File: Selects the location in which to store the exported files. Write Manifest File: Enables you to include a manifest file in the exported archive file. Click Next to show the Virtual System Settings screen. You can edit settings for the virtual appliance.
For example, you can change the name of the virtual appliance or add product information, such as vendor details or license text. Click Export to begin the export process.
Note that this operation might take several minutes. You can use the VBoxManage export command to export an appliance. Prepare for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Integration. Section 1. Install the Extension Pack. Create a key pair. Upload the public key of the key pair from your client device to the cloud service. Create a cloud profile. The cloud profile contains resource identifiers for your cloud account, such as your user OCID, and details of your key pair.
Your API requests are signed with your private key, and Oracle Cloud Infrastructure uses the public key to verify the authenticity of the request. You must upload the public key to the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Console.
Optional Create a. The key pair is usually installed in the. Display the User Settings page. Click Profile , User Settings. The Add Public Key dialog is displayed. Choose Public Key File. This option enables you to browse to the public key file on your local hard disk. Paste Public Keys. This option enables you to paste the contents of the public key file into the window in the dialog box. Click Add to upload the public key.
A cloud profile is a text file that contains details of your key files and Oracle Cloud Identifier OCID resource identifiers for your cloud account, such as the following:.
Fingerprint of the public key. To obtain the fingerprint, you can use the openssl command:. Location of the private key on the client device. Specify the full path to the private key. Optional Passphrase for the private key. This is only required if the key is encrypted. Shown on the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Console.
Click Administration , Tenancy Details. Tenancy OCID. Compartment OCID. Click Identity , Compartments. User OCID. Automatically, by using the Cloud Profile Manager. The Cloud Profile Manager is a component of Oracle VM VirtualBox that enables you to create, edit, and manage cloud profiles for your cloud service accounts. Automatically, by using the VBoxManage cloudprofile command.
Manually, by creating a config file in your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure configuration directory. This is the same file that is used by the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure command line interface. Oracle VM VirtualBox automatically uses the config file if no cloud profile file is present in your global configuration directory. Alternatively, you can import this file manually into the Cloud Profile Manager.
This section describes how to use the Cloud Profile Manager to create a cloud profile. To create a cloud profile by importing settings from your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure configuration file. Perform the following steps to create a new cloud profile automatically, using the Cloud Profile Manager:. Click the Add icon and specify a Name for the profile. Click Properties and specify the following property values for the profile:. Some of these are settings for your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure account, which you can view from the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Console.
Click Apply to save your changes. Perform the following steps to import an existing Oracle Cloud Infrastructure configuration file into the Cloud Profile Manager:.
Ensure that a config file is present in your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure configuration directory. Click the Import icon to open a dialog that prompts you to import cloud profiles from external files. This action overwrites any cloud profiles that are in your Oracle VM VirtualBox global settings directory. Click Properties to show the cloud profile settings. Create a new cloud instance from a custom image stored on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.
You can configure whether a cloud instance is created and started after the export process has completed. From the Format drop-down list, select Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. In the Account drop-down list, select the cloud profile for your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure account. The list after the Account field shows the profile settings for your cloud account.
In the Machine Creation field, select an option to configure settings for a cloud instance created when you export to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. The options enable you to do one of the following:. Configure settings for the cloud instance after you have finished exporting the VM. Configure settings for the cloud instance before you start to export the VM. Optional Edit storage settings used for the exported virtual machine in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.
You can change the following settings:. Emulated mode is suitable for legacy OS images. Depending on the selection in the Machine Creation field, the Cloud Virtual Machine Settings screen may be displayed before or after export.
This screen enables you to configure settings for the cloud instance, such as Shape and Disk Size. Click Create. Depending on the Machine Creation setting, a cloud instance may be started after upload to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure is completed.
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure provides the option to import a custom Linux image. Before an Oracle VM VirtualBox image can be exported to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, the custom image needs to be prepared to ensure that instances launched from the custom image can boot correctly and that network connections will work.
The following list shows some tasks to consider when preparing an Oracle Linux VM for export:. Use DHCP for network addresses. Do not specify a MAC address. Disable persistent network device naming rules. This means that the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure instance will use the same network device names as the VM. Add net. Disable any udev rules for network device naming. For example, if an automated udev rule exists for net-persistence :.
Enable the serial console. This enables you to troubleshoot the instance when it is running on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. Remove the resume setting from the kernel parameters. This setting slows down boot time significantly.
This configures use of the serial console instead of a graphical terminal. This configures the serial connection. This adds the serial console to the Linux kernel boot parameters. To verify the changes, reboot the machine and run the dmesg command to look for the updated kernel parameters. Enable paravirtualized device support. You do this by adding the virtio drivers to the initrd for the VM. This procedure works only on machines with a Linux kernel of version 3.
Check that the VM is running a supported kernel:. Use the dracut tool to rebuild initrd. Add the qemu module, as follows:. Verify that the virtio drivers are now present in initrd. For more information about importing a custom Linux image into Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, see also:. In the Source drop-down list, select Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.
Choose the required cloud instance from the list in the Machines field. Click Import to import the instance from Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. The following describes the sequence of events when you import an instance from Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.
The custom image is exported to an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure object and is stored using Object Storage in the bucket specified by the user. The Oracle Cloud Infrastructure object is downloaded to the local host. TFTP Protocol revision 2. The Internet Gopher Protocol a distributed document search and retrieval protocol.
This protocol assumes a reliable data stream; TCP is assumed. The Finger User Information Protocol. In Thomson, Martin ed. I-D ietf-quic-transport. Clifford September When contacting a Kerberos server KDC Acknowledgements to John Kohl et al. April TCP port is reserved for hosts which implement this standard. Initially, the server host starts the Ph service by listening on TCP port The Remote User Telnet Service. February Post Office Protocol: Version 2.
This protocol assumes a reliable data stream such as provided by TCP or any similar protocol. Post Office Protocol: Version 3.
Post Office Protocol - Version 3. Johns, Michael C. Identification Protocol. Acknowledgement is given to Dan Bernstein in section 7, "Acknowledgements", page 8. The Identification Protocol a. Authentication Server. The Authentication Server Protocol provides a means to determine the identity of a user of a particular TCP connection. Postel, Jon ed. Simple File Transfer Protocol. Network News Transfer Protocol.
NNTP specifies a protocol for the distribution, inquiry, retrieval, and posting of news articles When used via Internet TCP, the contact port assigned for this service is Acknowledgements to Internet Activities Board in section 2, "Acknowledgements", page 4. The Internet Message Access Protocol The BFTP program Simple Gateway Monitoring Protocol. This memo defines a simple application-layer protocol by which management information for a gateway may be inspected or altered by logically remote users.
An authentication protocol entity responds to protocol messages received at UDP port on the host with which it is associated. Pcmail is a distributed mail system providing mail service to an arbitrary number of users A protocol entity receives messages at UDP port on the host Messages which report traps should be received on UDP port for further processing.
Cisco published The Open Group. Acknowledgements to Kirk Lougheed et al. Retrieved 16 March LDM Reference. Use of the LDM requires that any host listed in its access control list be allowed a TCP connection to port on the localhost. If the localhost is behind a firewall, the firewall must allow TCP access to port Microsoft TechNet published Internet Engineering Task Force.
Historically, port was briefly registered as the "smtps" port. This registration made no sense, as the SMTP transport MX infrastructure has no way to specify a port, so port 25 is always used. As a result, the registration was revoked and was subsequently reassigned to a different service It's and some email is still sent as cleartext".
The Register. Situation Publishing. Brent June [1st pub. Building Internet Firewalls Second ed. ISBN WIPO published Modbus Organisation Inc. Internet X. VMware Knowledge Base. Red Hat published TCP port BIND 9's default control channel port, On WSUS 3. Described protocol is assigned by IANA for this port, and is : standardized, specified, or widely used for such.
Described protocol is not assigned by IANA for this port, but is : standardized, specified, or widely used for such. Described protocol is assigned by IANA for this port, [2] but is not : standardized, specified, or widely used for such. Described protocol is not : assigned by IANA for this port, standardized, specified, or widely used for such. Port is reserved by IANA, [2] generally to prevent collision having its previous use removed. In programming APIs not in communication between hosts , requests a system-allocated dynamic port [6].
Echo Protocol [10] [11]. Yes [12]. Discard Protocol [13]. Wake-on-LAN [14]. Active Users systat service [15] [16].
Daytime Protocol [17]. Previously netstat service [2] [15]. Message Send Protocol [19] [20]. Secure Shell SSH , [11] secure logins, file transfers scp , sftp and port forwarding. Telnet protocol—unencrypted text communications [11] [24].
Time Protocol [27]. Host Name Server Protocol [28]. WHOIS protocol [29] [30] [31]. Gopher protocol [42]. Finger protocol [11] [46] [47]. TorPark onion routing [ verification needed ]. TorPark control [ verification needed ]. Kerberos [11] [51] [52] authentication system. PointCast dotcom [2]. NIC host name [54]. CCSO Nameserver [57].
Authentication Service auth , the predecessor to identification protocol. Used to determine a user's identity of a particular TCP connection.
Simple File Transfer Protocol [64]. DCE endpoint resolution. Also used by DCOM. Network PostScript print server. Quick Mail Transfer Protocol [80] [ self-published source ]. ANSI Z Unidata LDM near real-time data distribution protocol [83] [ self-published source ] [84] [ self-published source ].
Uninterruptible power supply UPS. Centro Software ERP ports. GO-Global remote access and application publishing software. Citadel , multiservice protocol for dedicated clients for the Citadel groupware system. Rexec , Remote Process Execution.
Who [89]. Remote Shell , used to execute non-interactive commands on a remote system Remote Shell, rsh, remsh. Syslog , [11] used for system logging.
Remote procedure call RPC. FileMaker 6. DHCP Failover protocol [93]. Doom , the first online first-person shooter. MS Exchange Routing.
Kerberos administration [11]. SpamAssassin spamd daemon. Certificate Management Protocol []. Adobe Flash []. DHCP Failover protocol. VMware ESXi [] []. Lustre file system [] Protocol data. ThinLinc web-based administration interface []. Teradata database management system Teradata server. Reserved [2]. Microsoft DCOM services. WebObjects [11]. Assigned [note 2] []. Yes []. The cajo project Free dynamic transparent distributed computing in Java.
QuickTime Streaming Server administration [11]. Festival Speech Synthesis System server []. Strapi []. Qubes Manufacturing Execution System. Internet Content Adaptation Protocol. Garena game client [ citation needed ]. Oracle database default listener, in future releases [ when? Apache Derby Network Server [].
Eclipse Target Communication Framework []. Gadu-Gadu direct client-to-client [ citation needed ]. Pervasive PSQL []. DarkComet remote administration tool RAT [ citation needed ]. TCP port must not be used. Old radacct port, [ when? Perforce []. Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol L2F. KDE Connect []. America's Army , a massively multiplayer online game MMO []. Novell ZENworks [] []. Emergency management information system.
Microsoft Message Queuing. Node-RED []. Gemini , a lightweight, collaboratively designed protocol, striving to fill the gap between Gopher and HTTP []. Artemis: Spaceship Bridge Simulator []. Civilization IV multiplayer []. WebHost Manager default []. Warzone multiplayer [ citation needed ]. Zephyr Notification Service server.
Apache ZooKeeper default client port [ citation needed ]. Apple Push Notification Service [11] []. Apple Push Notification Service, feedback service [11] []. ESET anti-virus updates []. DirectAdmin Access []. ESET Remote administrator []. ArmA multiplayer []. Halo: Combat Evolved multiplayer host []. Halo: Combat Evolved multiplayer listener []. Ghost blogging platform [].
Docker Swarm cluster management communications [] [ self-published source ]. KGS Go Server []. CVS version control system password-based server. IEC , used to send electric power telecontrol messages between two systems via directly connected data circuits. OrientDB database listening for binary client connections []. Oracle database listening for insecure client connections to the listener, replaces port [ when?
Oracle database listening for SSL client connections to the listener. NetFS communication []. Ultima Online servers [ citation needed ]. DICT []. SQL Anywhere database server [] []. XBT Tracker. Ruby on Rails development default []. Meteor development default [] [ failed verification ]. Resilio Sync , [] spun from BitTorrent Sync. Create React App, script to create single-page React applications []. BlackBerry Enterprise Server communication protocol [].
Squid caching web proxy []. WhiskerControl research control protocol. Net Assistant , [11] a predecessor to Apple Remote Desktop. Apple Remote Desktop 2. MySQL database system [11]. Eggdrop , an IRC bot default port []. OpenOCD gdbserver []. PlayStation Network []. SMTP alternate []. Apcupsd Information Port []. Distcc , distributed compiler [11]. Subversion SVN [11] version control system. Some Blizzard games [].
CimTrak registered port. Harman Professional HiQnet protocol. Diameter base protocol RFC Oracle Enterprise Manager Remote Agent.
Warframe online interaction [ citation needed ]. OpenTTD game masterserver and content service. Protocol information and warnings [ clarification needed ]. Minger Email Address Verification Protocol []. Xgrid [11]. Microsoft Remote Web Workplace administration. Teradici PCoIP. ManageSieve [].
AWS protocol for cloud remoting solution. Couch Potato Android app []. NATS server default port []. Aleph One , a computer game.
Docker implementations, redistributions, and setups default [] [ needs update? Viber []. Referral Whois RWhois Protocol []. Metasploit 's default listener port []. OpenOCD Telnet []. Armagetron Advanced server default. Sinatra default server port in development mode HTTP. Identity Registration Protocol. Default for older versions of eMule []. Default bootstap port to use on device to talk to Appium.
IP Flow Information Export. UPnP —Windows network device interoperability. FlightGear multiplayer []. Synology Inc. Flask Development Webserver. Docker Registry []. Apple's AirPlay Receiver []. League of Legends , a multiplayer online battle arena video game []. FileMaker — name binding and transport [11]. Neverwinter Nights. AOL Instant Messenger protocol. Outlaws , a first-person shooter video game [ citation needed ].
Certificate Management over CMS []. Kega Fusion, a Sega multi-console emulator [] []. PostgreSQL [11] database system. Cisco Unified Video Advantage [ citation needed ]. Hotline tracker server connection. Hewlett-Packard Data Protector [ citation needed ]. Port though often changed during installation. Freeciv versions up to 2. Kibana []. IBM Lotus Sametime p2p file transfer. NRPE Nagios. Hazelcast default communication port [].
System Center Operations Manager []. ProjectWise Server []. TeamViewer remote desktop protocol []. X11 —used between an X client and server over the network. Backup Exec Agent Browser [ citation needed ]. Blizzard 's Battle. Club Penguin Disney online game for kids, Used by some Blizzard games [].
ObjectDB database server []. Thermo-Calc Software AB: Management of service nodes in a processing grid for thermodynamic calculations.
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